This review aims to identify biases embedded in mixed methods appraisal tools. We will explore the following questions: (1) How many types of appraisal tools are available? (2) What methodological assumptions support developing each tool?  (3) What type of items are included in each tool? (4) How does each tool appraise a mixed methods study? (5) What are differences and similarities across tools? (6) How is the divergence of results described?

The review will mainly consider studies that include the researchers/graduate students who are publishing or reviewing mixed methods research. There will be no exclusions based on the experience or scholarship background.

Appraisal tool for risk of bias assessment of mixed methods study.

Appraisal tool for risk of bias assessment of quantitative/qualitative study.

Quantitative elements
Number of tools and year developed
Number of items within a tool
Statistically data of reliability and validity

Qualitative elements
Type of organization/journal providing tool
How the tool is developed
Description of items within a tool
Procedure of apprising
Difference between each tool
Similarity between each tool
Usability of tool